Source called the update log EdgeUpdate.log in one place and MicrosoftEdgeUpdate.log in another. The file is MicrosoftEdgeUpdate.log.
Where Microsoft Edge keeps its logs
Microsoft Edge logs to %LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\Edge\User Data\Crashpad\reports\ on Windows. 5 other Windows log locations are recorded below, including paths for Per-user install and System-level install. These paths were verified for exe and msi installs - a different installer, or a portable copy, can put them somewhere else.
Microsoft Edge logs to ~/Library/Application Support/Microsoft Edge/Crashpad/completed/ on macOS. 1 other macOS log location is recorded below. These paths were verified for pkg installs - a different installer, or a portable copy, can put them somewhere else.
Microsoft Edge logs to ~/.config/microsoft-edge/Crashpad/reports/ on Linux. 1 other Linux log location is recorded below. These paths were verified for deb and rpm installs - a different installer, or a portable copy, can put them somewhere else.
Paths are printed exactly as Microsoft Edge writes them. Environment variables like %LOCALAPPDATA% and $XDG_STATE_HOME are never expanded, so a path can be pasted straight into a shell. Where a path differs between installer types or shipping flavours, each one is racked as its own card below - why that happens.
debug log%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\Edge\User Data\chrome_debug.log- Only written when Edge is launched with --enable-logging (add --v=1 for verbose). Overwritten on every launch.
Windows, calling and media problems: start Edge with "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe" --user-data-dir=C:\edge-debug --enable-logging --v=0 --vmodule=*/webrtc/*=2,*/libjingle/*=2,*media*=4.
Reproduce the problem, then close Edge.
Copy C:\edge-debug\chrome_debug.log. It is overwritten each time Edge starts with that command.
How to collect Microsoft Edge logs
Windows, install or update problems: copy %ALLUSERSPROFILE%\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Log\MicrosoftEdgeUpdate.log and %LOCALAPPDATA%\Temp\MicrosoftEdgeUpdate.log.
Windows: copy %WINDIR%\Temp\msedge_installer.log and %LOCALAPPDATA%\Temp\msedge_installer.log.
Open edge://policy and choose Export to JSON.
Capture the failing install or update with Process Monitor and save the PML file.